Treatening Ebola Virus Essay Example For Students

Treatening Ebola Virus Essay In the year 1976, Ebola climbed out of its unknown hiding place, and caused thedeath of 340 people. Fear gripped the victims faces, and uncertainty torturedtheir minds. The people of Zaire waited outside clinics, churches and in theirhomes for a treatment of the horrible disease, but there was no cure. They wereforced to watch people die, hoping that they would be saved from the violentdeath of the Ebola virus. From the year of 1976 to the present date of 1996,researchers have searched for origin and cure of the virus. Scientists havecarried out numerous studies and investigations, but no one has been able tofind the right explanations. Prevention of a world wide outbreak lies within theeducation of what the virus is capable of doing, how Ebola victims can beproperly treated , and by performing prompt action to isolate the virus beforeit has dispersed. The Ebola virus is a member of a family of RNA viruses know asfiloviruses. Marburg virus and four Ebola viruses: Ebola Zaire, Sudan, Restonand Tai are the five different viruses that have been known to cause disease inhumans, while Ebola Reston only causes disease within monkeys. Filoviruses,arenaviruses, flaviruses, and bunyaviruses are the viruses responsible forcausing viral hemorrhagic fevers. All forms of virus of viral hemorrhagic feverbegin with fever and muscle aches. These diseases usually progress until thepatient becomes very ill with respiratory problems, severe bleeding, kidneymalfunctions, and shock. The conclusions of the viral hemorrhagic fever canrange from a mild illness to death. Ebola viruses are spread though closepersonal contact with a person who is very ill with the disease. Usually thewide spread action of the virus takes place among hospital care workers orfamily members who were aiding an infected person. Ebola can spread by the reuseof hypodermic needles, which occurs frequently in underdeveloped countries likeZaire and Sudan, but it is unlikely to become infected by close contact with persons infected who show no symptoms. The Ebola virus spreads through the bloodand is replicated in organs, including the liver, lymphatic organs, kidneys,ovaries and testes. The central lesions appear to be those affecting thevascular endothelium and the platelets. The resulting symptoms are bleeding,especially in the nose, abdomen, pericardium and vagina. Capillary leakageappears to lead to loss of intravascular volume, bleeding, shock and the acuterespiratory disorder seen in fatal cases. Patients basically die of intractableshock. Those with severe illness often have fevers and are delirious, combativeand difficult to control. Some victims of the Ebola virus, one out of ten peopleinfected, survive the viruss deadly operations. Due to its self limitingnature, the Ebola virus is known to sometimes die out within a person beforekilling the host organism. Just like the history of wars and other socialepidemics, the Ebola outbreaks need to be remembered and learned from. The firsttw o Ebola outbreaks were in 1976, in the countries of Zaire and western Sudan. We will write a custom essay on Treatening Ebola Virus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These were large outbreaks, resulting in more than 550 cases and 340 deaths. In1979, Ebola mysteriously appeared in Sudan causing 34 cases and 22 fatalities. The most recent Ebola Zaire outbreak started with a surgery on a suspectedMalaria patient in Kikwit, Zaire on April 10, 1995. As in the 1976 outbreak,secondary transmission of the virus in Kikwit occurred though close personalcontact with infectious blood and other body fluids. Members of the surgicalteam then developed symptoms similar to those of a viral hemorrhagic feverdisease. The Ebola Zaire in Kikwit spread quickly, but investigation and controlof the outbreak come from a combined effort of medical teams from the Centersfor disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization,Belgium, France, and South African countries. Since July 1, 1995, 233 deathshave been reported among the 293 cases. So has the Ebola virus ever made it tothe United States? This question has come up in various letters to editors, andin FAQ (frequently asked questions) on the Internet. Truth is that in 1989monkeys infected with Ebola Reston were imported to Reston, Virginia from thePhilippin es. Importation of African Green and rhesus monkeys was immediatelybrought to a halt, and was not resumed until the virus responsible for the quickdeaths of these monkeys was analyzed. The scariest characteristic about theEbola Reston was that it was known to have been airborne, and that it wasefficiently killing the monkeys that had been imported form the Philippines (Palca,1990). Reston, Virginia and the 149 workers who came in contact with the monkeyswere grateful to find that the newly discovered Ebola Reston did not causedisease in humans. Of the 149 workers, none of the workers became ill and onlytwo developed antibodies for the Ebola Reston (Marjorie, 1990). The outbreaks of1976 and 1979 left no evidence to what might have been carrying the Ebola beforeit was passed onto humans. To this date no clues have been uncovered about wherethe virus hides between outbreaks. Collection of animal specimens is currentlyunderway in Kikwit, but the possible species in tropical Africa are s o numerousthat a long and lucky search is likely to be required. The Ebola Tai found onNovember 24, 1995 by a Swiss researcher in Cote dIvoire (Ivory Coast), WestAfrica. The researcher caught the Ebola Tai from a chimpanzee while carrying outan investigation about a spate of deaths among local chimps of the Tai forest. .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .postImageUrl , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:hover , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:visited , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:active { border:0!important; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:active , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: System Architecture EssayWhen the Pasteur investigators examined tissue taken from the dead chimpanzee,they found that the animals spleen and liver contained large areas of necrotictissue resembling what had previously been found in autopsies of patients whoperished from Ebola Zaire and Sudan. Instant investigation of the 4200square-kilometer reserve of the Tai forest was launched, but to this day notrace to the location of Ebola has been found. The researcher was evacuated to ahospital in Switzerland where she recovered. The dedicated researcher has nowreturned to Ivory Coast to continue her work. During most of these outbreaks,field teams of researchers have captured mor e than 3,000 birds and mammals,including small rodents and several thousand possible insects. Material of theseanimals are now being processed for virus isolation. Blood samples of anestimated 64 suspected cases have also been serologically confirmed. Still tothis day, many questions like Where is Ebola originally from? andWill Ebola Zaire, Sudan, or Tai be able to become air- born? remaina mystery. Bibliographyhttp://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/5738/level2.html (Ebola VirusInformation Head Quarters)copyright 1999 and http://www.lfc.edu/~musilam/bio1.htmcopyright 1997Health Care

Compare and contrast Duke Ellington Essays

Compare and contrast Duke Ellington Essays Compare and contrast Duke Ellington Essay Compare and contrast Duke Ellington Essay Louis Armstrong composed hotter than that for the hot five, the band him and his wife (the manger) were in. The piece was written for a trumpet, trombone, scat vocals, clarinet, banjo, piano and guitar. Duke Longtime however composed for a much bigger group of instruments consisting of alto sax, clarinet, tenor sax, baritone sax, trumpet, trombone, guitar, piano and double bass. As Louis Armstrong was writing in the New Orleans style within hotter than that there was collective improvisation used, however this was not Seibel for duke Elongations kook as was written for many more instruments. Both Duke Longtime and Louis Armstrong used instrumental techniques in their pieces . However they both differed in what type they used. Armstrong uses lots of vibrato smears rips and fall-offs. Longtime however used mutes to create his techniques as his instrumentation included trombones. He used the plunger mute to create a way way sound and also the pixie mute which creates a buzz sound. Louis Armstrong wrote in 32 bar sonata form with 3 32 bar choruses then a duet and link followed by a 4th 32 bar chorus then a odd. Duke Longtime however did not compose in the form but wrote in 12 bar blues from. This was an introduction followed by 7, 12 bar choruses and finally a coda. Louis Armstrong hotter than that is written in E flat major and Duke Elongations kook is written in E flat minor. These keys reinforce the pieces mood with Duke Longtime writing a kind of jungle mood. Duke Longtime also used a lot of dissonant harmony. Louis Armstrong however used mainly primary chords.

HR needs of Natural Knibbles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HR needs of Natural Knibbles - Essay Example Aside from Furthermore, the same technology can be used to enable Cherrie to manage employee benefit packages that are effective in terms of motivating its existing employees to support the challenges the company is about to encounter. Among the HR issues and challenges that Natural Knibbles need to address includes: (1) the need to implement human resource information management system (HRIMS) that is tailored to the company’s current HR needs (Matthews: 140); (2) risk of facing the business consequences caused by resistance-to-change; (3) need to establish a strong organizational culture that strongly supports organizational learning, work flexibility and adaptation to organizational change; (4) significance of transformational leadership skills in the implementation of new HR strategies; and (5) importance of establishing a new organizational vision and mission. The problem with implementing HRIMS lies behind the possibility wherein some of the company’s existing employee may find it difficult to learn how to use new technologies. Although the use of HRIMS could enhance employees ability to improve the quality of their products and services rendered to the customers (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012: 54), the success of implementing HRIMS is highly dependent on the willingness of its employees to embrace change. Because of their fear of changing their usual working practices, some of them may refuse to adapt to the required organizational change. Because of the risk wherein, Brandon and Cherrie would face business consequences associated with resistance-to-change, Cherrie should be able to establish a strong organizational culture that strongly supports organizational learning, work flexibility and adaptation to organizational change. With this in mind, the process of making organizational learning such as peer coaching and work flexibility a part of the company’s culture can make its employees more open to organizational changes  (Richardson 2009: 138; Zepeda 2007: 227; Zepada & Mayers 2004: 33).

Advertisment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Advertisment - Essay Example But one finds this appropriate because the picture really says it all. The paragraph below is just additional information to emphasize the message the advertisement wants to convey. The advertiser wants to persuade those who will see the advertisement that cigarette smoking does not have to be manly. As written in the paragraph below, it is an expression for one’s love for pretty things (Lindstrom). Additional information is given in the paragraph stating that the cigarette is also available in menthol (Lindstrom). The messages in the print advertisement are arranged in such a way that the most important message that the advertiser wants to convey is presented first. The use of big letters in the statement, â€Å"Farewell to ugly cigarette. Smoke pretty.eve.† is very fitting (Lindstrom). The prominent picture of the pack of cigarettes also contributes to the message that the advertiser wants to put across his audience. On the whole, one thinks that the print advertisement is very effective in capturing the attention of its market. Even without the paragraph below the picture, the readers have already understood and absorbed the message. The advertiser has achieved his goal. Eve Filter Cigarettes. Advertisement. Lindstrom, Andrew. "50 inspiring vintage advertisements." 30 September 2008. wellmedicated.com. Web. 12 March 2013

Destination marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Destination marketing - Essay Example The image of a destination should have two main components – it should be attribute-based and holistic (Grovers, Go & Kumar, 2007). Each of these components should again contain functional and psychological characteristics. The destination should have some unique features, events, aura and feelings. These are the factors that create a holistic image in the mind of the tourists and consequently influence the destination positioning. Destination branding has to be developed around three kinds of attributes – the attractions that exerts the ‘pull’ towards the destination, the tourism services that facilitate the tourist experience such as infrastructure, accommodation, sightseeing and transportation, and finally the non-tourism and other export industries that support the destination experience (Klooster, Go & Baleen, 2004). This paper evaluates Dubai as a tourist destination, its marketing and branding, and its relationship with TALC. Finally it would suggest a trajectory for the development and marketing of Dubai. Dubai, an emirate of UAE, lies at the confluence of the Middle East (ME), Asia, Western Africa and Central/Eastern Europe (Balakrishnan, 2008). The total area of Dubai is around 4114 sq km and the population is 1,241,000 (McEachern, 2006). Through visionary leadership, Dubai, a sleepy fishing and pearl diving village, used its strategic location for its growth and development. â€Å"Dubai: The hippest city in the world† thrives on newness and bigness (Katodrytis, 2006). Its natural beachfront is 45km long and artificial islands add another 1500km of beachfront where the coastline and the city merge into an island holiday resort. Everything is new about the place and everything points towards consumerism and tourism. Dubai has developed at a remarkable pace, is spectacular and has an impressive display of staged buildings and iconic complexes. The city depends on tourism, shopping and the end of public space. Dubai has been

Computer System Architecture of Buses

Computer System Architecture of Buses Abstract This report focuses on the computer system architecture of buses. The research is based on the buses which used by AMD K computer system. Those are includes bus characteristics, bus arbitration and bus topology. In bus characteristics, we had cover the bus width and bus speed, types of buses and bus lines, and also advantages and disadvantages of a bus to a network. In bus arbitration, there was include purpose of arbitration, how does the arbitration protocol work and multiplexing. Other else was the bus topology. In the end of the report, there was a summarize results which include why a bus hierarchy is required, how a bus hierarchy works and additional hardware circuitry required. Introduction This assignment is mainly explaining a fundamental architectural feature present in all computer system, buses. Buses have historically provided a flexible communications structure in computer systems. Furthermore, buses in computing are a digital communication mechanism that allows two or more functional units to transfer control signals or data. Most buses are designed for use inside a single computer system; some are used within a single integrated circuit. Many bus designs exist because a bus can be optimized for a specific purpose. For example, a memory bus is intended to interconnect a processor with a memory system and an I/O bus is intended to interconnect a processor with set of I/O devices. Furthermore, buses can be divided into two major groups based on their control. Those two groups are local buses and system buses. Various bus designs have been used in the PC, including ISA, EISA, Micro Channel, VL-bus and PCI. Other peripheral busses are NuBus, TURBOchannel, VMEbus, MULTIBUS and STD bus. Bus Width A bus is characterized by the amount of information that can be transmitted at once. It is call bus width. The amount expressed in bits, corresponds to the number of physical lines over which data is sent simultaneously. The term width is used to refer to the number of bits that a bus can transmit at once. Typical widths are 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits at a time. In other words, the bus width means the size of the entity that the bus sends data in one cycle. For example 32 bits, this means that the bus has 32 wires that are used for the transmission. (This may also be different, depending on the transmission protocol). Bus Speed Bus speed means how many bits or bytes (1 byte = 8 bits) is the bus able to send in a unit of time (typically second). For example for a computer network it could be 100 Mbs means 100 Megabits (12, 5 Megabytes) in a second. The bus speed is also defined by its frequency. It expressed in Hertz. Frequency means the number of data packets sent or received per second. Each time that data is sent or received is called a cycle. Besides, the bus speeds also commonly known as front side bus (FSB). It is shows how fast the components can communicate with each other. Faster bus speed means faster computer. You can easily see how a faster FSB helps your computer get more information from one place to the other. For example, if two computers are exactly the same in all ways except one has an FSB speed of 500 MHz and the other has an FSB of 1066 MHz, twice as much data will get through on the second computer compared to the first. This means your computer will get more work done in the same amount of time faster spreadsheet calculations, faster decoding of that movie, or smoother video games. To increase the bus speed you can either increase the bus width or the frequency of the transmission on the bus. The Different Types of Buses Local Buses A local bus is the simplest buses consist of set of wires. Within the central processing unit (CPU), local buses can generally be divided in three types. They are address buses, data buses or control buses. Address buses tend to be specialized in purpose and are usually unidirectional. It carries an address from the CPU to memory or I/O devices. Data buses tend to be more general in purpose and are bidirectional. It carries data between the CPU and memory or I/O devices. Control buses carry signals from the control unit to other components of the computer and back to control unit. System Buses Unlike local buses, system buses are independent functional components of many computers. Each system bus has its own control circuit, called a bus controller, and within each bus controller is an arbiter, which process requests to use the bus. The bus controller may be distributed among the devices that use the bus. Systems buses generally connect system components together, such as the CPU,I/O system and often the main-memory system, and designers often optimize system buses for transferring data between I/O devices and main-memory. A key distinction between system buses and local buses is that system buses tend to have well-documented and stable definitions, so that designers can attach a wide variety of devices to them. Local buses are processor-specific and not widely documented. They tend to be proprietary. Example of system buses are DEC UNIBUS and the Apple NuBus. Bus Lines The wires that comprise a bus are called lines. Four main categories of bus lines : Data lines Carry data from one place to another. Address lines Specify the recipient of data on the bus. Control lines Provide control for the synchronization and operation of the bus and the modules to which it is connected. Power lines Provide power to various components connected to the bus. Advantages / Disadvantages of a Bus to a Network Data bus networks have quite a few advantages compare the other network topologies such as point-to-point links in these applications. Generally, a data bus can make possible the interconnection of a set of terminals when the number of terminals is so large that interconnection through individual point-to-point links becomes unusable. Furthermore, a data bus topology can provide large configurationally flexibility. Terminals can be added to the network or moved to different locations without major revisions in the cabling layout. Both of these advantages are of particular importance in applications in which cable installation is the dominant system cost, for example in shipboard applications. Purpose of arbitration In a computer system, all the devices communicate with the other device are connected to the main board over a same bus. If two or more I/O (input and output) devices try to use the bus at the same time to access the main board, there will be a conflict arise. Therefore, bus arbitration is created is to resolve the problem. Bus arbiter is a circuit to coordinate the activities of devices request for memory transfer using the bus. The process that runs by bus arbiter is name as Bus Arbitration. It is to prevent two or more I/O devices initiating transfers at the same time. The bus arbitration mechanism is designed to allow high priority devices such as the processor and RAM get first access to the bus, while the other devices (disks, video cards, sound cards etc.) get lower priority, and often have to wait to access the bus. The prioritization is according numbered interrupts to priority systems. The lower the numbered interrupts will has the higher priority. On many systems, the CPU has interrupt 0. Therefore, CPU always goes first on the bus. Meanwhile, there are time slices provided over the bus. How does the arbitration protocol work The device that uses to allow for initiating data transfers on the bus is called as bus master. Therefore, only one bus master can exist at a time. When the bus master relinquished its control, the other device also can act as bus master. However, the process of transferring the bus mastership from one device to another device has to coordinate carefully to take account of the needs of various devices. As stated earlier, the bus arbitration has been design to use by high priority device. Therefore, scheduling function will be performs by bus arbiter. Bus arbiter can be part of the processer or separate unit that connected to bus. The diagram above show a basic arrangement example of processor contains the bus arbiter circuitry. In this case, the processor is act as the bus master. However in some cases, the other DMA (direct memory access) controller can gain the bus mastership. DMA controllers activate the Bus-request line, BR before it gain the bus mastership. The Signal of Bus- request line is transfer using the logical OR concept from the bus-request line to the other I/O devices. When the bus request is activated, the processor will activates the bus Grant signal, BG1, gives permission to the DMA controller use the bus when it become free. The signal is using a daisy-chain arrangement to connect all DMA controllers. Therefore, when DMA controller 1 request for the bus, it will block the propagation of the grant signal to other I/O device automatically. Else, it will assert BG2 to grant downstream. The bus master indicates all I/O devices that it is using the bus by activating another open collector line call as Bus Busy, BBSY. Therefore, a DMA controller need to wait for Bus busy to inactive after the Bus Grant signal send. In the situation, the DMA controller can assumes the bus mastership. Multiplexing Multiplexed bus is a type of bus structure which the number of signal lines represented by the bus is less than the number of bits of data, addresses, and control information being transferred between devices of the computer system. For example, if a multiplexed address bus use 8 signal lines to transmit 16 bits of address information. The information is transferred sequentially where the additional control line is being used for sequencing the transfer. In another example, the system represent a master control unit (MCU) connecting to one or more receiver-transmit unit (RTU) by a data bus. The MCU transmits a message to the RTU for comprising a synchronization pulse of known duration and successive time spaced timing signals separated by time duration T marking the boundaries of data bits to be transmitted from the RTU to the MCU. The RTU is including a clock pulse source which utilizes the synchronization pulse to determine the frequency of the clock pulse source in P pulses per duration T. The value P is used in conjunction with the timing signals to create properly timed data determining signals in the data bits. Point to point topology Point to point (PTP) is directly connects two nodes to together. Following is some example of using PTP to connect 2 nodes together. Two computers communicating via modems. A mainframe terminal communicating with a front end processor. A workstation communicating along a parallel cable to a scanner. In a point-to-point topology, all the devices are connected with a shared switch. The switch is different from the shared topology. Computational components that are connected using a point-to-point topology do not need to use any type of bus arbitration scheme. Instate, the shared switch breaks the continuous stream of data on the bus into data packets that are routed to the individual devices. Using this method, the shared switch able establishes point-to-point connections between the different devices. From an individual devices perspective, a connection has to be a private, direct, continuous connection to another device. The connection may comprise one or more two-way of serial-connections. By increasing the number of lanes of a connection, therefore the bandwidth of the connection can by increase. An example of point-to-point bus topology is the implementation in peripheral component interface expresses (PCI Express). PCI Express is a computer expansion card standard designed t o replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP standards. It was introduced by Intel in 2004, PCIe is the latest standard for expansion cards that is available on mainstream personal computers. Multipoint Multipoint is a bus topologies that carries signals to several destinations. It is also known as multidrop bus (MDB) or broadcast bus. Multipoint bus usually requires addressing signals on the bus to identify the addressed destination. Example : Ethernet. It is also a computer bus in which all components are connected to same set of electrical wires. Summary From this assignment, we had classified out the type of buses which its basically grouped into four parts known as processor bus, cache bus, local I/O bus and standard I/O bus. Each of this is different as processor bus is the highest-level bus that the chipset uses to send information to and from the processor. While, cache bus used to accessing the system cache. At the same time, the local I/O bus is for connecting performance-critical peripherals to the memory, chipset, and processor such as video cards and disk storage devices. Example of local I/O bus is like Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus (PCI). Last would be the standard I/O bus which it used for slower peripherals such as modems while it also for compatibility with older devices. Bus hierarchy is required due to the lower level bus like local and standard I/O buses need to steps by steps sent the data to the upper levels of buses in order to allow users to retrieve or transfer the data from each particular memory to another. Hence, I consider them a hierarchy because each bus is to some extent further removed from the processor; each one connects to the level above it, integrating the various parts of the PC together. Each one is also generally slower than the one above it. As a conclusion, bus is generally designed for multiple devices to share the medium. Furthermore, additional hardware circuitry is needed because of that may have problems when two clients want to transmit at the same time on the same bus. Therefore, hardware like bus arbitration is needed to overcome this conflict. Conclusion As a conclusion, buses are actually helpful as its act as a vital medium in order to transferring data. Basically, buses connect different modules within the CPU and to memory and other I/O peripherals. Meanwhile, buses can also connect two different components at the same time through the usage of point-to-point or multipoint. Buses can carry data, address and control function as it could transmit the instructions of the users into the outputs. Buses are form in the combination of data line, address line, power line and control line. Then, buses and buses communicate through a medium called bridge. Further, we had identified the characteristics of the buses as it categorized into two categories. For bus speed, it covers the area for speed of transmitting data to another medium. While, bus width is the amount of data can be transferring. Besides, type of buses, pros and cons of bus and network and buses arbitration also included within our report. Lastly, we had also stated out the purposes of buses arbitration. Frequently Ask Question (FAQ) What is a bus? How to solve the conflict of different data is being transferring through the same bus but at different devices? What are the functions of buses? How to measure the speed of transferring or retrieving data from buses? How does buses connected to each other? How to increase the buses speed? Which method allows buses to connect 2 devices? References Jospeph.S, 1985, Multiplex bus system for controlling the transmission of data between a master control unit and a plurality of remotely located receiver-transmitter units [online], Available from http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4538262.html [Accessed 30 October 2009] What is a computer bus? [Online], Available World Wide Web : URL http://en.kioskea.net/contents/pc/bus.php3 [Accessed 26 Oct 2009] Shinichi, What is bus speed? [Online], Available World Wide Web : URL http://www.helium.com/items/986164-what-is-bus-speed [Accessed 26 Oct 2009] Multidrop bus [Online], Available World Wide Web : URL http://wikirank.com/en/Multidrop [Accessed 02 Nov 2009] Derwyn.J, 1984, Passive fiber optic data bus configurations [online], Available from http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4457581.html [Accessed 10 November 2009] System bus, online, Available from http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/computers/hardware/mainboards/bus/[Accesed 30 October 2009] DAINTITH.J, 2004, multiplexed bus. A Dictionary of Computing [online], Available from http://www.encyclopedia.com [Accessed 03 November 2009] Hamacher.C, Vranesic.G, Zaky.G, 1996, computer organization In, 4th edition, McGraw-hill international editions, Singapore, 1996, pp186

Life of Ludwig van Beethoven Essay -- Ludwig van Beethoven Composers M

Life of Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven, also known as â€Å" The General of Musicians,† was born on December 16, 1770. However, this date is not exact because it is believed that Beethoven’s father lied about his son’s age in order to portray him as an infant prodigy. As a result, Beethoven is convinced he was born on December 16, 1772 at the Rheingasse home, which belonged to the Fischers, who were close friends of the family (Orga 8). Johann van and Maria Magdalena Beethoven bore five children of which three survived. Ludwig van Beethoven was the first child to survive, probably making him the most cherished especially in his father’s eyes. The other two surviving siblings were Casper and Nikolaus. They were said to have played extremely important roles in Beethoven’s life. Johann van said to be a lesser man than his father Ludwig Louis van Beethoven, who was a trained musician and later appointed Kapellmeister. Many believed he could not compare to his dad because he did not have a high-ranking job, instead his income was based on giving piano, singing, and violin lessons to the public (Kerman 354). Johann wanted his first son to be great, especially in the music field, so he pushed him to learn the piano and violin at a very early age. For instance, Beethoven had his first public appearance at the age of eight on March 26, 1778. He performed at a concert with one of his father’s other pupils. His performance consisted of concertos and trios on the keyboard. Beethoven continued to play at concerts, as well as taking music lessons with instructors other than his father. When visiting the Fischer Family one day Johann proclaimed, â€Å"My son Ludwig is my only comfort now in life. He is improving in his music to such an extent that he is admired by everyone. I foresee that in time he will be a great man in the world† (Orga 29). During this time he also attended elementary school in Bonn, but he did not exceed grade school. Beethoven learned all he could by age ten and from then on he lived off his wits and curiosity (Orga 28). In 1779, Beethoven met his first very important teacher at Bonn by the name of Christian Neefe. Neefe automatically saw Beethoven’s talent and had a strong liking to him from the beginning. Moreover, when he took a short leave of absence from Bonn, he appointed Beethoven, at only eleven years o... ... His funeral was held on the 29th of March and about 15,000 guests attended his burial. The surrounding schools were closed that day in respect of the composer. Also, out of respect the choir sang the Miserere in an arrangement from one of his Equali for trombones. Following the singing, about 200 horse carriages accompanied the coffin on its final journey (Orga 8). To conclude, Beethoven was know as â€Å"The General of Musicians,† â€Å"The Young Genius,† and the most admired composer in the history of western music. His musical ability, his passion, and his harsh losses all helped to contribute to his undying success as a great pianist and composer. Even today his works are still studied and listened to around the world. Works Cited Kerman, Joseph. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 Vols. London: MacMillan Pub. Ltd., 1980. 2: 354-60. Grout, Donald Jay. A History of Western Music. 3rd ed. New York: Cornell UP, 1981. Marek, George R. Beethoven: Biography of a Genius. New York: Funk and Wagnall’s Publishing Company, 1969. Orga, Ates. Beethoven: The Illustrated Lives of the Great Composers. London: Omnibus Press, 1983.

Basketball vs Baseball

Basketball and baseball are among the most popular sports in the United States. Baseball has been around the longest, but it’s definitely not the best sport to watch or play. Basketball is a much more exciting sport to watch, be a fan of, and play than baseball because players are more athletic, it’s easier to play, and more fun to follow. Basketball players are some of the most athletic people in the world. The average basketball player can run faster and jump higher than the average baseball player. Some of baseball’s best players have been completely out of shape – from Babe Ruth to David Wells to Prince Fielder.Basketball players also rely on training and conditioning to stay in shape. Michael Jordan won 6 championships in the 90s, when the game was even more physical than today’s, by hiring the best trainers that money could buy. Barry Bonds broke the home run record by allegedly hiring the best trainers that could buy him steroids. Any time a feat in baseball is achieved, there are always questions that taint the sport. Whenever a feat in basketball is achieved, the athletes have earned it. Basketball is also a better sport because it’s easy to play. All that is needed is to do is go to any park and start playing a pick up game.Even if no one is there, it’s easy to just shoot around. People aspiring to play baseball aren’t so lucky. Rounding up 17 other people to play is almost impossible with the amount of other things kids would rather be doing. That doesn’t include making sure that there are enough gloves, baseballs, and everything else that is needed to play a game. It’s even a bigger hassle to go to the park and practice by yourself. Have fun hitting a baseball 300 feet and going to retrieve it every time. The only real option is to go to the batting cages. As you pass about 20 basketball courts on your way there, make sure you have enough money to practice.Not only is basketball e asier to organize, indoor-basketball games don’t depend on fair weather. Live in Seattle and it’s raining? Find a gym. You’re a baseball player that lives in Seattle and it’s raining? Come back in the summer. Because all organized basketball is played indoors, the hoop is always 10 feet high and every game that is played will be played on the same size court. Not only are there variables of the weather when it comes to baseball, the dimensions of each stadium differ. No matter where Kobe plays, he knows exactly how to attack from every spot on the floor.Take Josh Hamilton out of Arlington and put him into a â€Å"pitcher’s park† and he might be taken out of the MVP race. Being a fan of NBA basketball is much more exciting than MLB baseball. In the NBA, you are required to trade salaries that match the incoming salaries within 15%. If a team is trading a star’s max contract, more than likely they’ll receive another star (unless you’re the Orlando Magic). Regardless, you’ll receive someone that plays professionally in the NBA. Only in baseball can a team trade it’s best player who makes $20 million a year for â€Å"a player to be named later. That player usually ends up being a 21 year-old prospect who may never make it to the big leagues. This makes basketball much more exciting because teams have a better chance of staying competitive. Another thing that makes basketball more exciting is that your best player will play every single game and every single minute and make a huge impact on offense and defense if healthy. We saw Lebron James and Kevin Durant play against each other during the NBA Finals. We also saw Cole Hamels go 1-0 in 2 starts in the 2008 World Series and win MVP.He played 2 games, won 1 of them, and walked home with the MVP trophy. Count on basketball’s best players to play every single game and control their team’s last possession of the game. Many witn essed what Michael Jordan did in the NBA Finals with the flu against the Utah Jazz. He willed his team to victory, especially during the most clutch moments of the game. How many times has a team’s best hitter sat on the bench the entire 9th inning because it wasn’t his turn in the lineup? How many times has a team’s best pitcher sat on the bench in the 9th inning because he’s already pitched over 100 pitches?How many times has a team’s best defender stood in the same exact spot on the field during all three outs in the 9th because the ball wasn’t hit to him? In conclusion, basketball is a better all-around sport than baseball is. As an athlete, basketball keeps you in great shape. As an NBA fan, your star player will never be traded for an unknown D-League player. The pace of a basketball game is much faster and you can rest assured that an NBA championship will never be won with a final score of 1-0 – after multiple overtime quarter s. No matter how you spin it, basketball is just in a different class.

Iridium

Iridium, a rare, white metallic element, appearing 77th on the Periodic Table, shares some characteristics as the other elements, however being unique as it is, offers far more than a rare and metallic appearance. It also bares the concept of being one of the hardest metals, extremely dense metals, and its outstanding resistance against corrosion: better than any other metal known. In most cases, Iridium occurs in gravel deposits with a related element called platinum. Iridium occurs naturally in the metallic state in an alloy with platinum called platiniridium, which contains palladium, copper, and iron as contaminants. Separation of the platinum from the Iridium is a complex process, involving many techniques. Ores and deposits containing the free metal are rare. Those that do exist are found primarily in the Ural Mountains of the Russian Federation, in Alaska, Ontario, North America, South Africa, and in Tasmania. Iridium, however, being too brittle to be used by it! self, is often mixed with platinum as a hardening agent. Such products as containers for heating chemicals, as well as other high temperature or corrosive usable containers are made from Platinum-Iridium alloys. Manufacturers also use these and other Iridium alloys for making jewelry, fountain pen tips, and bearings for navigational compasses. Other uses of the metal come under different forms, such as radioactive Iridium, which can be used as a source of gamma rays. Also, the element is used extensively in commercial electrical contacts. Iridium has the atomic symbol Ir. Its atomic number, as stated above is 77 and its atomic weight is 192.22. It melts at 2410 C and boils at 4130 C. It has a density of 22.65 grams per cubic centimeter at 20 C. Metallic Iridium has a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Iridium belongs to the group of metals called transition metals. Its name is derived from the Greek goddess Iris, goddess of the rai...

How to Write a Technology Research Paper Detailed Steps #038; Guidelines

How to Write a Technology Research Paper Detailed Steps #038; Guidelines Need advice on how to write a technology research paper fast? Unfortunately, there is no magic formula for creating a successful research paper. Actually, it’s the question of being able to organize your time and research materials effectively. In this article, you will find essential steps that can serve you as a general guide for writing your next research paper on technology. You’ll find advice on how to select a winning topic, organize the research process, make a working outline, and write typical research paper sections. Besides, we’ll provide you with 20 impressive technology research paper topics to help you get started. What Is a Technology Research Paper? First, let’s define what type of academic assignment a technology term paper is and find out how it should be structured. A technology research paper is an extended writing assignment. To successfully complete research papers, students need to identify a broad area of research related to the subject, do some general background reading to focus the research topic, formulate a clear research question, study lots of primary and secondary sources to answer that research question, and write a paper, presenting a clear and logical argument with proper citations. Typically, the technology research paper writing has the following structure: An abstract is a brief summary of the research paper not more than 250 words in length. An introduction provides readers with the background information and explanations of key terms. The body is typically broken down to different sections such as literature review, methods, findings, discussion, and conclusion. /References page contains the list of all the resources that an author used for obtaining the necessary information. But you may be given different guidelines for organizing your research paper. So you should check with your instructor the basic layout of the technology research paper you were assigned to write. Besides, you can check styles guides such as APA, MLA etc. to get more information about organizing your research paper. Choose an Interesting Technology Research Paper Topic Technology is a vast subject area and it offers a wide range of good topics to choose from for research work. Technology is constantly evolving and lots of new subjects are added with every passing day. You should choose a topic that you are interested in and feel comfortable writing about. Then you are likely to enjoy the writing process and will be able to demonstrate your passion for the subject of your paper and impress your readers. Make sure that your topic is researchable and you can find enough secondary and primary sources. On the other hand, if the topic of your research paper is too broad, you should narrow it to one particular aspect so that could be able to examine it thoroughly within the limits of your research paper. For example, if you are interested in big data, you can write about developing effective big data strategies for business. Not sure which technology research paper topic to choose? Have a look at this short list of awesome term paper topic ideas and feel free to use them for completing your own projects. Problems of Regulation of Infertility Technologies; What Is The Future of Genetically Modified Food Technologies? Main Differences Between Brains And Computers; Inequality in Access to Technological Developments; Genetic Testing on People; Long-term Impact of Technologies on the Global Economy; How Can Technology Help Determine the Possible Future Health Risks? What Is the Role of Genetically Modified Food Technologies in Solving Hunger Issues? How Can People Use New Technologies to Change The World? Positive and Negative Effects of Living in a Technological World; Digital Tools and Productivity at Work; Censorships and Control of the Internet; What Is Better: Organic Food or Genetically Modified Food? Advancements in Reproduction Technologies; How Can New Technologies Help In Treating Morbid Obesity? How Can Genetic Engineering Help in Treating Genetic Diseases? Will Virtual Reality Technologies Change Humans? Impact of Technologies on the Interaction of People in the Workplace; New Technologies and Teaching Traditional Researching Skills; Why Is Machine Learning the Future? Research the Topic If the chosen topic is not familiar to you, you should do some background reading to get a better idea of it. You can read subject encyclopedias and handbooks because they give concise scholarly overviews of the most important aspects of different topics. Your next step is to find and read relevant sources that meet your assignment’s requirements. You can use a variety of printed and electronic sources: scholarly books that provide in-depth analysis of specific subjects in historical context; articles from scientific journals that offer the latest information; newspapers that provide the basic information on the topic and can serve primary sources. You will need to use library resources at your university and tools for locating scholarly articles and books. Read the sources that you have found and jot down the most interesting ideas that you can use for citing, summarizing or paraphrasing in your paper. Don’t forget to note the necessary information about each source that you will need for creating the References page (title, author, year of publication etc.). You can take notes using separate cards for each source or on a spreadsheet. Make an Outline Plan your research paper by creating a detailed sentence outline. First, create a strong thesis statement that will clearly communicate the subject of your technology research paper and your approach to investigating it. It will guide your writing and help you stay focused on the subject of your research paper. For example, if you are writing about the advantages of virtual reality for business, your thesis can be like this one: ‘Many businesses are now taking advantage of integrating virtual reality devices into their day-to-day work to reduce spending, enhance system security, and ensure faster disaster recovery.’ During the next step, you have to group and regroup the notes that you have made during your research, taking into account different aspects of your topic. You should do your best to find a logical sequence in them. This sequence can serve as a foundation for your future outline. Use brainstorming techniques to make a diagram or sketch of your argument (clustering, making mind maps). Write your thesis in the center of a page or at the top of it and cluster the key points you are going to make around it. Write the evidence you are planning to use under these points and use arrows to show connections between the ideas. When you are satisfied with the sketch, you can make an outline to determine the best structure to support your argument. Write the First Draft Write a rough draft of your technology research paper using your organized notes and the outline as guides. Write down the flow of your ideas and don’t worry about the proper punctuation or spelling at this stage of the writing process. With a detailed outline, you can start writing your paper from any section and don’t worry that you’ll miss some important points. Be ready to make several version of a rough draft and make adjustments in them until you are completely satisfied with the logical flow, clarity, and coherence of your text. When writing paragraphs, you should ensure that all of them are strong, clearly develop the argument of your thesis statement, and make sense within your paper as a whole. Each paragraph should develop one main idea and begin with a topic sentence relevant to your thesis statement. You are to develop the main idea of your paragraphs in the supporting sentences and give enough evidence to convince your readers that your ideas are right. Use transitions to show connections between your ideas in separate sentences and different paragraphs. Keep in mind that the information flow in research papers typically resembles the hourglass because it starts with general and goes to specific and then goes back to general again. You introduce the problem and give general information in such chapters as the introduction and the literature review. In methods and results, you have to present specific information about your project. In the discussion and conclusion, you need to discuss your research findings in a larger context. Now let’s discuss what information you should include into each of your technology research paper chapters in detail. Abstract Abstracts are written for readers to help them quickly overview the overall content of a paper. You may find it too challenging to write this section of your research paper because of its strict word limit. It is typically written last when the entire paper has been completed. Your abstract has to include the presentation of your topic and the specific research question, give information about methods that you have used, and generally inform your readers about the results and findings. Introduction The primary goal of any introduction is to catch the attention of the audience and get the readers ‘turned o’ about the subject. It should follow an ‘inverted pyramid’ structure. You have to start broadly by providing the background information about your topic and then narrow down to a specific research question or thesis statement. You should also define the key term that you are going to use in your argument. Besides, explain the purpose of your study and its significance. Literature Review If your technology research paper relies on secondary research, you have to provide a good review of the existing literature and the history to help readers better understand the discussion to come. You need to synthesize the relevant information form a variety of significant sources that discuss some aspects of the problem and are somehow connected with the major point of your research project. You have to examine the major theories and their contributors. Methods If your research paper relies on primary research, you have to provide a detailed description of the research design and methods that you used to complete the study. You should provide your readers with enough information so that they could replicate the study. Results/Findings This chapter is included in research papers that are based on primary research. You should provide details about the results of your studies in a clear and unbiased way. You don’t have to discuss the significance of your findings in this section. This section can also include some tables or graphs if needed. Discussion and Conclusions This section is usually the longest in a research paper. You have to present a well-supported argument, a critique of existing theories or discussion of your results. If your project is based on primary research, you need to answer the hypothesis, interpret the results, and explain why they are reasonable and precise. You can also explain how your findings are related to the previous research that was discussed in the literature review. In the conclusion, you need to reinforce the major claim and explain why it is significant. You can also give some recommendations for further research based on your findings. References No academic paper can be complete without the list of references. You should make a list of all academic sources that you used for writing your technology research paper. The format of this page should match the style that you used in the text of your paper according to the guidelines provided by your instructor. When you have written your first draft, you have to put it aside and take a break for a while. Then you need to revise your draft to improve the content and the logic. You may need to delete some sentences or paragraphs, rearrange your paragraphs, and add some new information to make your explanation clear to your readers. You may also need to review some of your documentation. Editing and Proofreading Tips from Our Writing Experts While editing, you should first look at your technology research paper at the paragraph level and check transitions between them. Then you should concentrate on separate sentences; A good idea is to read your research paper out loud. In this way, you may notice when a sentence sounds somehow â€Å"off† to you and needs to be changed; While proofreading, you should focus on the style of your research paper and check grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Don’t rely on grammar and spelling checkers. Instead, you should use a grammar book, a thesaurus for synonyms, and a good dictionary for correct spelling.

Change plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change plan - Assignment Example However, the facilitys corporate structure has come with various strategies to deal with highlighted challenges affecting the facility. As a result, the merged has emerged as one of the most prominent old care agency in Miami. Employee culture has been supportive of the development of the facility, which has contributed to the achievement of the most vital goals and objectives. The county and Federal governments have also been supportive through economic, social, and cultural contributions to the agency. Additionally, charity organizations have also played a major role in the financial maintenance of the facility. Consequently, the facility has been capable of holding more than a thousand old individuals in the society. Moreover, the community nursing has also been emphasized in the region whereby nurses can directly attend to the old in various communities. The organizational change is based on the Theory of change that is based on the achievements of the long-term goals of the facility (Cunliffe, 2008). The theory operates on the principles that a non-profit organization has an obligation to achieve the goals and objectives of an organization in both the short and long-term periods (Cunliffe, 2008). As a result, the long-term goals have been a motivational factor for a better future of the organization and society. Importantly, the society has been a major beneficiary of the facilitys organizational change. The county government has come up with a financing strategy that has helped reduce the cost of facilitys operational activities. Importantly, the facility has also been involved in assisting the non-well up towns in the society. As a result, the changes have been noted and publicized by international welfare organizational facilities that deal with taking care of the old. The changes that have occurred in the society have made a major improvement in the society. The facility has gathered information based on experiences of other old caring

MIcro and Macro Economic Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MIcro and Macro Economic Analysis - Assignment Example Speculations in the prices of oil causes the demand to rise or fall in various times of the year. For example, oil products are greatly demanded in countries experiencing winter because they are used for heating purposes. On the other hand, the supply of petroleum products is mainly dependent on the prices of crude oil, technology and the availability of qualified personnel to extract the products. It is also highly dependent on the political instabilities prevailing in OPEC countries (Etro, 2009). These countries usually have control on the supply and pricing of the product around the globe thereby affecting the profitability’s of many petroleum companies. b) Explain The Market Structure In Which The Chosen Company Operates With Regards To The Chosen Product The British Petroleum Company is found in the oligopoly structure of the market. This is because there are fewer sellers of the products around the globe. They are also highly sensitive to the other companies pricing alon g with their strategies of marketing. In this market structure it becomes very difficult for new entrants to join the market. The sellers in this market structures are always aware of the strategies that their competitors are using. There are several competitors for the company who have branches all around the globe though there are many restrictions that have been placed to bar entrants into the industry. Dealing in petroleum products also requires very high capital and is also a very risky business due to the risks involved (Dunn & Mutti, 2004). c) Explain What The Company Can Do To Continue To Operate In This Profitable Market Structure Or Move Towards A More Profitable Or Sustainable Market Structure In order to continue operating profitably in this market structure, the British Petroleum Company needs to adopt more efficient technologies that aid in their exploration efforts for newer sources of oil. The company should further invest in the exploration of non-conventional raw m aterials since the current sources are in very high demand and are nearing depletion. For example, the company can invest in exploring more into the field of oil sans which could yield a lot of untapped resources. These measures will eventually assist the company in countering the uncertainties that fill the pricing of crude oil. For example, the recent civilian uprisings in the Middle East greatly affected the prices of oil around the globe leading some trading companies into encountering losses (Mankiw, 2011). d) Comment On The Different Elasticity Concepts That Can Influence The Pricing Strategy Or The Competitiveness Of The Chosen Product/Company. The product is affected by various elasticity factors of demand and supply. The elasticity of demand that usually affect the products are the price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity between different companies. The price elasticity usually refers to the changes in the quantities of the products demanded in relation to the changes in the prices of the products. The income elasticity mainly refers to the changes that the company experiences in its income in relation to changes in the demand of petroleum products. The British Petroleum Company is also greatly affected by the cross elasticity that exists between different firms (Gwartney, Stroup, Sobel & MacPhearson, 2008). This type of elasticity is responsible for measuring the